Does your dog’s eye suddenly look droopy? Droopy dog eyes might look cute, but they can be caused by a condition that, in more extreme cases, leads to discomfort, runny eyes, infections, and other problems. Ectropion in dogs is a condition that may look like a droopy eye, but is actually much more serious.
We spoke to a CKC-recognized, board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist to learn more about ectropion in dogs, when it’s a cause for concern, and potential treatment options.
What Is Ectropion in Dogs?
Dr. Andrew Lewin, BVM&S, DACVO, an Associate Professor of Comparative Ophthalmology in Veterinary Clinical Sciences at the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, explains that “ectropion refers to the positioning of the eyelids (usually the lower eyelid) so that the lid margin rolls outwards, away from the eye.”
This droopy eversion shouldn’t be confused with its opposite. “Entropion refers to (the) positioning of the eyelids so that the lid margin rolls in towards the eye, which often results in contact of the surrounding hair with the eye,” Dr. Lewin says.
While both are common eye conditions, veterinarians see problematic entropion more often than severe ectropion.
The non-protective position of the lower eyelid in some ectropion cases creates hygiene and lubrication issues. This can lead to various secondary problems, including painful irritation, inflammation, and conjunctivitis.
What Causes Ectropion in Dogs?
Dr. Lewin explains that ectropion is most commonly related to certain breeds. Large dogs with loose facial skin and droopy eyes are predisposed to this congenital, hereditary condition. These breeds include:
- Basset Hounds
- Bloodhounds
- Bulldogs
- Chow Chows
- Clumber Spaniels
- Cocker Spaniels
- Great Danes
- Labrador Retrievers
- Mastiffs
- Newfoundlands
- Saint Bernards
In some cases, dogs may develop ectropion later in life, rather than being born with it. Possible causes of acquired ectropion include:
- Injury and subsequent scarring
- Certain eyelid surgeries (such as overcorrection of entropion)
- Chronic eye inflammation
- Eye infections (although this is very uncommon)
- Facial nerve paralysis
- Hypothyroidism
Symptoms of Ectropion in Dogs
Fortunately, many dogs live with ectropion without major issues. “Ectropion is so common in some breeds that it may be considered a ‘normal’ trait,” Dr. Lewin notes.
However, for some dogs, ectropion can cause significant discomfort or pain and may lead to serious secondary conditions. This condition can also become more problematic for senior dogs as they lose muscle tone around the eyelids.
Possible symptoms and secondary conditions caused by ectropion in dogs include:
- Brown tear stains under the eye
- Conjunctivitis
- Discharge
- Keratitis (corneal inflammation)
- Red or inflamed eyes
- Watery eyes
If your dog is experiencing discomfort, you may notice them squinting, blinking excessively, pawing at their face, or rubbing it against surfaces.
This information is especially helpful for members of the Canine Kennel Club (CKC) and dog owners, as early recognition of these symptoms can lead to quicker care and a more comfortable life for affected dogs.
How Is Ectropion in Dogs Diagnosed?
“Veterinarians often diagnose the condition based on the appearance of the eyelids,” says Dr. Lewin.
A physical, non-sedated exam is typically sufficient to diagnose ectropion in dogs. However, if symptoms are more complex, your veterinarian may conduct additional tests to identify any underlying causes and check the integrity of the cornea.
Treatment for Ectropion in Dogs
Many dogs can live comfortably with mild ectropion without a major impact on their quality of life. In some cases, veterinarians may prescribe eye drops or ointments to keep the eyes lubricated and prevent further issues. Antibiotics may also be needed if infections have developed due to ectropion.
For more severe cases, where ectropion causes discomfort, a buildup of debris in the lower lid, or leads to secondary conditions like corneal disease (keratitis), veterinarians may recommend corrective surgery.
Dr. Lewin notes that surgery can be complex in some cases, and referral to a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist may be advisable. Various surgical techniques are available to shorten and tighten the eyelid. As with any surgery, these procedures carry certain risks. “General risks of most eyelid procedures include infection and the potential failure of the procedure to correct the abnormality,” Dr. Lewin explains. In rare cases, overcorrection of ectropion can cause the eyelid to roll too far inward, resulting in entropion.
Prognosis of Ectropion in Dogs
After ectropion surgery, your dog may experience swelling around the eye, which can take up to a month to fully subside. However, these procedures generally have positive outcomes. In some advanced cases, dogs may have permanent sight damage due to corneal scarring, but importantly, they will be pain-free.
For dogs with mild ectropion, veterinarians may recommend lifelong use of topical medications to keep the eyes lubricated and reduce the risk of infections.